Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Scope:
ASTM B348 coverstitanium and titanium alloy bars and billetsintended for:
Forging
Machining
Fabrication of parts for aerospace, medical, industrial, marine, and chemical applications
Includes:
Hot rolled, forged, or machined bars
Billets for subsequent forging or rolling
Product Forms
Bar: Solid,straight product (round, square, rectangular, hexagonal) used as-is or for machining/forging.
Billet: Raw forging stock, usually round or rectangular, used for closed/open-die forging.
Applicable Grades (UNS Designations)
|
Grade |
UNS Number |
Description |
|
Gr 1 |
R50250 |
CP titanium, soft, high ductility |
|
Gr 2 |
R50400 |
Most common CP grade, good formability |
|
Gr 3 |
R50550 |
Higher strength CP |
|
Gr 4 |
R50700 |
Strongest CP titanium |
|
Gr 5 |
R56400 |
Ti-6Al-4V, high strength alloy |
|
Gr 7 |
R52400 |
CP + Pd, excellent corrosion resistance |
|
Gr 9 |
R56320 |
Ti-3Al-2.5V, good strength and weldability |
|
Gr 12 |
R53400 |
Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni, corrosion resistant |
|
Gr 23 |
R56401 |
Ti-6Al-4V ELI, medical-grade, high purity |
Additional grades like 15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn or Beta C may be included by agreement.
Dimensions and Size Range
|
Product |
Diameter / Width Range |
|
Bar |
Typically 6 mm to 200 mm (1/4" – 8") |
|
Billet |
Usually 90 mm to 300 mm (3.5" – 12") |
Lengths are cut to order, usually 3–6 meters (10–20 ft), or customer-specified.
Tolerances
Tolerances vary by condition and finish. Common tolerances (round bar):
|
Diameter (mm) |
Tolerance (Cold Finished) |
|
< 25 mm |
±0.13 mm |
|
25–50 mm |
±0.25 mm |
|
50–100 mm |
±0.38 mm |
|
> 100 mm |
±0.76 mm or by agreement |
Other dimensional tolerances (straightness, ovality, etc.) conform to ASTM B348 tables or customer specs.
Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)
|
Grade |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Yield Strength (MPa) |
Elongation (%) |
|
Gr 2 |
≥ 345 |
≥ 275 |
≥ 20 |
|
Gr 5 |
≥ 895 |
≥ 828 |
≥ 10 |
|
Gr 23 |
≥ 825 |
≥ 795 |
≥ 10 |
Properties depend on grade and bar size.
Manufacturing and Processing
Hot worked, cold worked, or forged
Followed by annealing, unless other condition is specified
Surface finishes:
Turned
Ground
Polished (for medical/precision use)
Testing and Requirements
Chemical analysis: Confirms elemental composition per ASTM E539 / E2922
Tensile testing: Required on each lot
Ultrasonic inspection: Optional or per customer requirement (important for aerospace and medical use)
Grain size, microstructure, fracture toughness, hardness: For critical applications like medical or aerospace
Marking and Certification
Each bar or billet is marked with:
ASTM B348
Grade
Heat number
Manufacturer name/logo
Size and condition
Mill Test Report (MTR) must include:
Heat number
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Condition (annealed, hot rolled, etc.)
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