ASTM E1447-Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method

This standard provides a quantitative method for determining the hydrogen content in titanium and titanium alloys using inert gas fusion followed by thermal conductivity or infrared detection.

1. Why Hydrogen Matters in Titanium

Hydrogen is a critical interstitial element in titanium that can lead to:

Hydrogen embrittlement

Reduced ductility

Delayed failure in service (especially under cyclic loads)

Therefore, controlling and certifying low hydrogen content is essential in:

Aerospace

Medical implants

High-performance mechanical components

2. Test Principle

A sample of titanium (typically 0.1–1 gram) is melted in a graphite crucible under inert gas (usually helium or argon).

Hydrogen released during melting is swept by the inert gas to a detection system.

The hydrogen content is determined using:

Thermal conductivity detector (TCD) or

Infrared detection (IR), depending on system configuration.

3. Equipment Used

Inert gas fusion analyzer

Graphite crucible (high purity)

Carrier gas system (helium or argon)

Thermal conductivity detector (commonly used)

Reference standards and calibration materials

4. Typical Results

Always check applicable material standards (e.g., ASTM B348, ASTM F67, ASTM F136) for specific limits.

5. Sample Requirements

Sample size: ~0.1–1 g

Surface finish: Clean and free of oil, oxide, or contamination

Replicates: Often tested in duplicate or triplicate for precision

6. Reporting Results

A typical report includes:

Sample ID

Mass analyzed

Hydrogen content (in ppm or weight %)

Method reference: ASTM E1447

Instrument calibration information (optional)

Date and operator (for traceability)

7. Advantages of ASTM E1447

Accurate and sensitive detection (down to 1 ppm)

Suitable for all titanium grades, both wrought and powder

Widely accepted in aerospace, medical, and industrial sectors

Fast testing (~5–10 minutes per sample)

8.Related Standards

ASTM E1941-Oxygen and nitrogen in titanium

ASTM E1409-Carbon content in titanium alloys

ASTM F67-Titanium for surgical implants (hydrogen limits)

ASTM B348-Titanium bar stock with hydrogen limits