Grade 1 titanium is the softest and most ductile of all commercially pure titanium grades. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, superior formability, and high impact toughness, making it an ideal material for a wide range of industrial applications where strength is secondary to corrosion resistance.
Common Grade 1 Titanium Products
Raw Material Forms
1. Titanium Sheets & Plates
For pressure vessels, tanks, linings, and heat exchangers.
Standards: ASTM B265
2. Titanium Tubes (Seamless & Welded)
Used in condensers, evaporators, and chemical piping systems.
Standards: ASTM B338 / B861
3. Titanium Rods & Bars
Ideal for machining parts and fasteners.
Standards: ASTM B348
4. Titanium Wire
Used in medical, filtration, or welding filler wire.
Standard: ASTM F67 (for medical use)
5. Titanium Foil / Strip
For cladding, shielding, or thin-walled components.
Fabricated / Finished Components
1. Titanium Pipe Fittings
Elbows, Tees, Reducers, End Caps
Highly corrosion-resistant for chemical and marine use
Standard: ASTM B363
2. Titanium Flanges
Slip-on, weld neck, blind flanges for piping connections
Standard: ASTM B381
Bolts, nuts, washers for corrosive environments (chemical plants, seawater exposure)
4. Titanium Heat Exchanger Parts
Tubesheets, baffles, tube bundles
Custom & Special Applications
5. CNC Machined Titanium Parts
GR1 is easy to machine for custom fittings or precision components
6. Titanium Anode Baskets / Hangers
Used in electroplating and surface treatment industries
7. Titanium Mesh / Perforated Sheets
For filtration, catalyst support, or chemical separation
Medical Use (Commercially Pure Titanium)
Surgical Instruments
Bone Plates / Implant Backings
(Note: GR1 is used for some non-load-bearing applications; GR2 and GR4 more common for structural use)
Chemical Composition of Grade 1 Titanium
|
Element |
Maximum Content (Weight %) |
|
Titanium (Ti) |
Balance(around 99.5%) |
|
Oxygen (O) |
≤ 0.18% |
|
Carbon (C) |
≤ 0.08% |
|
Nitrogen (N) |
≤ 0.03% |
|
Hydrogen (H) |
≤ 0.015% |
|
Iron (Fe) |
≤ 0.20% |
|
Other elements, each |
≤ 0.10% |
|
Other elements, total |
≤ 0.40% |
Notes:
GR1 is Commercially Pure (CP) Titanium, with a purity of around 99.5%.
The main difference from GR2 / GR3 / GR4 is the oxygen content (GR1 has the lowest oxygen content and the best plasticity, but the lowest strength).
The low content of impurity elements ensures good weldability, corrosion resistance and formability.
The biocompatibility of high-purity titanium also makes it suitable for some medical applications.
Mechanical Properties (Typical, at Room Temperature)
|
Property |
Value |
|
Tensile Strength |
≥ 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) |
|
Yield Strength (0.2% OS) |
≥ 170 MPa (24.6 ksi) |
|
Elongation |
≥ 24% |
|
Elastic Modulus |
~105 GPa |
|
Hardness |
70–80 HB |
|
Density |
4.51 g/cm³ |
Note: Mechanical properties may vary slightly depending on the processing method and product form (sheet, bar, tube, etc.).
Thermal Properties of Grade 1 Titanium
|
Property |
Value |
Notes |
|
Melting Point |
1,660 °C (3,020 °F) |
Sharp melting range for CP titanium |
|
Thermal Conductivity |
~17 W/m·K (at 25 °C) |
Lower than most metals (e.g., steel ~45 W/m·K) |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
8.6 × 10⁻⁶ /°C (20–300 °C) |
Indicates dimensional change with heat |
|
Specific Heat Capacity |
~520 J/kg·K (at 25 °C) |
Higher than steel (around 460 J/kg·K) |
|
Thermal Diffusivity |
~4.2 mm²/s |
Calculated based on conductivity, density, and heat capacity |
|
Max Service Temperature (in air) |
~400–500 °C (750–930 °F) |
For long-term use without oxidation risk |
|
Emissivity (oxidized surface) |
~0.3–0.5 |
Depends on surface condition (polished vs oxidized) |
Notes:
Thermal Conductivity: Lower than aluminum or steel, meaning titanium is slower to transfer heat, which is important in heat exchanger or high-temperature applications.
Expansion Coefficient: Titanium expands less than most metals when heated, which helps in precision applications.
Service Temperature: Prolonged exposure above ~500 °C in oxidizing environments may lead to surface embrittlement (alpha case formation).
Oxidation Resistance: Excellent up to 400–500 °C due to a stable oxide layer.
Applications of Grade 1 Titanium
Due to its high corrosion resistance and excellent formability, Grade 1 titanium is widely used in:
Chemical Processing Equipment-Heat exchangers, reactors, and piping systems exposed to acidic or chlorinated environments
Marine & Offshore Engineering-Components exposed to seawater (e.g., piping, fasteners, vessel linings)
Desalination Plants-Tubes and plates for heat exchangers and evaporators
Medical Industry (for specific grades with high purity)-Non-load-bearing implants, surgical instruments
Electroplating & Surface Treatment-Titanium anode baskets and hanger rods
Power Generation / Condensers-Tubes used in cooling systems due to corrosion resistance
Aerospace (non-structural parts)-Ducting, tanks, and brackets requiring corrosion protection
Standards & Specifications
Grade 1 titanium is manufactured according to various international standards depending on the product form:
ASTM B265 – Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B338 – Seamless and Welded Titanium Tubes for Heat Exchangers and Condensers
ASTM B861 – Titanium Welded Pipe
ASTM B348 – Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
ASTM B381 – Titanium Forgings
ISO 5832-2 – Implants for Surgery (Unalloyed Titanium)
ASME SB265 / SB338 – Pressure Vessel Applications
Key Advantages
Superior corrosion resistance in oxidizing and mildly reducing environments
High ductility and excellent cold formability
Biocompatible and non-toxic
Lightweight (about 60% of steel’s density)
Weldable by all conventional methods
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