Grade 4 is the strongest commercially pure titanium grade. While it has higher strength than GR1–GR3, it still retains excellent corrosion resistance and reasonable formability. It’s often used when CP titanium is preferred, but additional strength is needed- particularly in pressure systems, heat exchangers, and surgical hardware.
Common Product Forms
Sheet & Plate
Tube (Seamless / Welded)
Bar & Rod
Wire & Foil
Pipe Fittings (Elbows, Reducers, Caps)
Forged Rings, Blocks, Flanges
Medical-Grade Machined Parts
Chemical Composition (ASTM B265 & ASTM B348)
|
Element |
Max Content (%) |
|
Titanium (Ti) |
Balance |
|
Oxygen (O) |
≤ 0.40% |
|
Carbon (C) |
≤ 0.08% |
|
Nitrogen (N) |
≤ 0.05% |
|
Hydrogen (H) |
≤ 0.015% |
|
Iron (Fe) |
≤ 0.50% |
|
Others (each) |
≤ 0.10% |
|
Others (total) |
≤ 0.40% |
Compared to GR1–3, GR4 contains more oxygen and iron, which gives it higher strength but slightly reduces formability.
Mechanical Properties (Typical Values)
|
Property |
Value |
|
Tensile Strength |
≥ 550 MPa (80 ksi) |
|
Yield Strength (0.2% OS) |
≥ 483 MPa (70 ksi) |
|
Elongation |
≥ 15% |
|
Elastic Modulus |
~105 GPa |
|
Hardness |
~130–160 HB |
|
Density |
4.51 g/cm³ |
Among CP grades, GR4 offers the highest strength while maintaining weldability and corrosion resistance.
Thermal Properties
|
Property |
Value |
|
Melting Point |
~1,660 °C (3,020 °F) |
|
Thermal Conductivity |
~16 W/m·K |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
~8.6 × 10⁻⁶ /°C |
|
Specific Heat Capacity |
~520 J/kg·K |
|
Maximum Operating Temperature |
~400–500 °C (in air) |
Applications of Grade 4 Titanium
1.Chemical Processing & Industrial
Heat exchangers and reactor vessels
Piping systems in corrosive environments (e.g., chlorides, acids)
Lining for steel vessels
2.Medical & Surgical
Surgical instruments and implants (e.g., dental bases, orthopedic plates)
High-strength components in biocompatible devices
3.Marine & Offshore
Saltwater-exposed fasteners and fittings
Offshore structural parts
4.Energy & Desalination
Power plant condenser tubes
Brine heaters and saltwater piping
5.Aerospace & Defense
Ground support components
Parts where corrosion resistance > weight ratio matters, but GR5 (Ti-6Al-4V) is not required
Applicable Standards
ASTM B265 – Titanium Sheet and Plate
ASTM B348 – Titanium Bars and Rods
ASTM B338 / B861 – Tubes & Pipes
ASTM B363 – Pipe Fittings
ASTM B381 – Forgings
ISO 5832-2 – Surgical Implants
ASME SB Standards – Pressure vessels
Advantages of Grade 4 Titanium
Highest strength of all CP titanium grades
Excellent corrosion resistance, including in oxidizing and chloride-rich environments
Biocompatible – suitable for medical and dental use
Pressure-rated – often used in ASME-coded pressure vessels
Good weldability, though slightly less ductile than GR1–3
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