Grade 9 is a near alpha titanium alloy, composed of approximately 3% Aluminum and 2.5% Vanadium. It offers higher strength than commercially pure (CP) titanium grades (GR1-4) while retaining excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability. It is especially favored for tubing applications-such as aerospace hydraulic lines, bicycle frames, and marine piping.
GR9 is also called Ti-3Al-2.5V or "half alloy" titanium-combining the workability of CP grades with the enhanced strength of GR5.
Common Product Forms
Seamless & Welded Tubes
Sheet, Strip & Plate
Bars & Rods
Wire
Cold-worked tubing (high-performance bikes and aerospace systems)
Chemical Composition (ASTM B338 / B265)
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Titanium (Ti) |
Balance |
|
Aluminum (Al) |
2.5 – 3.5 |
|
Vanadium (V) |
2.0 – 3.0 |
|
Iron (Fe) |
≤ 0.25 |
|
Oxygen (O) |
≤ 0.15 |
|
Carbon (C) |
≤ 0.08 |
|
Nitrogen (N) |
≤ 0.03 |
|
Hydrogen (H) |
≤ 0.015 |
|
Other Elements |
≤ 0.40 (total) |
Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)
|
Property |
Value |
|
Tensile Strength |
≥ 620 MPa (90 ksi) |
|
Yield Strength (0.2% OS) |
≥ 483 MPa (70 ksi) |
|
Elongation |
≥ 15% |
|
Elastic Modulus |
~105 GPa |
|
Hardness |
~200–250 HV |
|
Density |
4.48 g/cm³ |
Note: Cold work increases strength significantly (up to 860 MPa).
Thermal Properties
|
Property |
Value |
|
Melting Point |
~1,620 °C (2,950 °F) |
|
Thermal Conductivity |
~6.7 W/m·K |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
~8.6 × 10⁻⁶ /°C |
|
Specific Heat Capacity |
~523 J/kg·K |
|
Max Operating Temperature |
~400 °C (continuous use) |
Applications of Grade 9 Titanium
Aerospace
Hydraulic tubing
Fuel and cooling lines
Lightweight structural tubing
Sporting Goods
Bicycle frames (preferred over GR5 for better weldability & fatigue resistance)
Golf club shafts
Tent poles, ski poles
Marine
Saltwater piping
Heat exchanger tubing
Boat frames and hardware
Industrial & Chemical
Process tubing in corrosive environments
Condenser and evaporator coils
Pressure vessels (low- to mid-pressure)
Desalination & Water Systems
Brine piping
High-strength corrosion-resistant tubing
Applicable Standards
ASTM B338-Seamless and Welded Titanium Tubes
ASTM B265-Titanium and Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, Plate
AMS 4943/AMS 4944-Aerospace tubes
ASTM B348-Bars and Rods
ASME SB equivalents-For pressure equipment
Advantages of Grade 9 Titanium
High strength-to-weight ratio (better than GR2-4)
Excellent cold formability and weldability
Exceptional corrosion resistance, especially in marine and chemical environments
More easily fabricated than GR5 (Ti-6Al-4V)
Great fatigue resistance-ideal for dynamic applications
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