Titanium Grade 23 is the Extra Low Interstitial (ELI) version of the popular Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. The reduced content of oxygen, carbon, and iron enhances fracture toughness, ductility, and fatigue strength, especially in cryogenic and biomedical conditions. It maintains the excellent strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance of Grade 5 but with superior performance in demanding and sensitive environments.
Grade 23 is the preferred titanium alloy for medical implants, surgical instruments, and high-reliability aerospace parts.
Common Product Forms
Bars and Billets (ASTM F136/B348)
Rods, Wire, and Forgings
Sheet & Strip (less common)
Additive manufacturing (powder form)
Custom-machined components
Chemical Composition (per ASTM F136 / B348)
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Titanium (Ti) |
Balance |
|
Aluminum (Al) |
5.5 – 6.5 |
|
Vanadium (V) |
3.5 – 4.5 |
|
Oxygen (O) |
≤ 0.13 |
|
Iron (Fe) |
≤ 0.25 |
|
Carbon (C) |
≤ 0.08 |
|
Nitrogen (N) |
≤ 0.05 |
|
Hydrogen (H) |
≤ 0.0125 |
The "ELI" standard ensures extremely low levels of interstitial elements (O, N, H, C) to improve toughness and reduce brittleness.
Mechanical Properties (Typical, Annealed Condition)
|
Property |
Value |
|
Tensile Strength |
≥ 895 MPa (130 ksi) |
|
Yield Strength (0.2% OS) |
≥ 828 MPa (120 ksi) |
|
Elongation |
≥ 10–14% |
|
Elastic Modulus |
~113 GPa |
|
Hardness (Rockwell C) |
~36 HRC |
|
Density |
4.43 g/cm³ |
Grade 23 has better fracture toughness and fatigue resistance than Grade 5, making it more suitable for critical-load bearing parts.
|
Property |
Value |
|
Melting Point |
~1,660 °C (3,020 °F) |
|
Thermal Conductivity |
~6.7 W/m·K |
|
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
~8.6 × 10⁻⁶ /°C |
|
Specific Heat Capacity |
~560 J/kg·K |
|
Maximum Operating Temp |
~300–400 °C (continuous use) |
Applications of Grade 23 Titanium
Medical
Orthopedic implants (hip/knee/shoulder)
Spinal fusion cages and plates
Dental implants and screws
Surgical tools and instruments
Bone screws, rods, and connectors
Aerospace
High-strength, lightweight parts for jet engines
Cryogenic systems and rocket structures
Fasteners, brackets, and thin-wall tubing
Industrial / High-Tech
Scientific instruments requiring toughness
High-purity process equipment
Additive manufacturing (3D-printed titanium parts)
Cryogenic Systems
LNG equipment
Liquid hydrogen and oxygen containers
Sub-zero fatigue environments
Applicable Standards
ASTM F136-Implant-grade titanium alloy bar and rod
ASTM B348-Titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets
ASTM F1472-Titanium alloy for surgical implants
ISO 5832-3-Implants for surgery–Ti-6Al-4V ELI
AMS 4930 / 4931-Aerospace standards
ASME SB-348-Pressure vessel components
Key Advantages of Grade 23 Titanium
Biocompatible and non-toxic (ideal for implants)
Higher ductility and fracture toughness than GR5
Strong, fatigue-resistant, and corrosion-resistant
Excellent cryogenic performance
Good machinability and weldability
Preferred alloy in medical and high-reliability industries
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